HomeAssistant核心--自动化

admin 2025-11-26 阅读:19 评论:0

1.自动化三要素 (trigger) 触发 (condition) 条件 (action) 行动第一是触发自动化的规则。触发描述事件将触发自动化规则。到家在这种情况下,它是一个人,可以观察到在HA通过观察太阳的状态改变从“not_...

1.自动化三要素

(trigger) 触发

(condition) 条件

(action) 行动

第一是触发自动化的规则。触发描述事件将触发自动化规则。到家在这种情况下,它是一个人,可以观察到在HA通过观察太阳的状态改变从“not_home”到“回家”。

第二是条件。条件是可选的,可以限制一个自动化规则只在特定的用例。将测试一个条件对系统的当前状态。这包括当前时间、设备、人员和其他东西像太阳。例如我们只希望当太阳下山时已采取行动。

第三部分是行动触发时,将执行规则和所有条件得到满足。例如,它可以打开一盏灯,设置恒温器的温度或激活一个场景。

所以下面用实际例子来说明

automation:
  - alias: 'Rainy Day' #自动化别名
    trigger: #动态触发
      - platform: state
        entity_id: sensor.precip_intensity
        to: 'rain'
    condition: #状态触发
      - platform: state
        entity_id: group.all_devices
        state: 'home'
      - platform: time
        after: '14:00'
        before: '23:00'
    action: #行动
      service: light.turn_on
      entity_id: light.couch_lamp

当天气（DarkSky）预报下雨天，下午至晚上有人在家，即打开灯。

请在HA的配置文件中启用该自动化的文件

automation: !include automations.yaml

再附上官方学习例程！

https://home-assistant.io/cookbook/

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2017年8月5日更新

trigger触发器的几种条件

1：事件触发

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: event
    event_type: MY_CUSTOM_EVENT
    # optional
    event_data:
      mood: happy

内置的事件请参考：https://home-assistant.io/docs/configuration/events/

2.HA触发

可以使用HA的启动与停止来触发

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: homeassistant
    # Event can also be 'shutdown'
    event: start

3.MQTT消息触发

接收到特定的消息即触发自动化

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: mqtt
    topic: living_room/switch/ac
    # Optional
    payload: 'on'

4.数值触发

这个就非常常见了whatsapp web，某个传感器低于某个数值即触发

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: numeric_state
    entity_id: sensor.temperature
    # Optional
    value_template: '{{ state.attributes.battery }}'
    # At least one of the following required
    above: 17
    below: 25

5.状态触发

这个也是常用的触发条件，例如打开开关触发条件

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: device_tracker.paulus, device_tracker.anne_therese
    # Optional
    from: 'not_home'
    # Optional
    to: 'home'
    # If given, will trigger when state has been the to state for X time.
    for:
      hours: 1
      minutes: 10
      seconds: 5

6.日落触发

这个条件就顾名思义了

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: sun
    # Possible values: sunset, sunrise
    event: sunset
    # Optional time offset. This example is 45 minutes.
    offset: '-00:45:00'

7.模板触发

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: template
    value_template: "{% if is_state('device_tracker.paulus', 'home') %}true{% endif %}"

8.时间触发

到某时刻触发条件

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: time
    # Matches every hour at 5 minutes past whole
    minutes: 5
    seconds: 00
automation 2:
  trigger:
    platform: time
    # When 'at' is used, you cannot also match on hour, minute, seconds.
    # Military time format.
    at: '15:32:00'
automation 3:
  trigger:
    platform: time
    # You can also match on interval. This will match every 5 minutes
    minutes: '/5'
    seconds: 00

9.定位触发

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: zone
    entity_id: device_tracker.paulus
    zone: zone.home
    # Event is either enter or leave
    event: enter  # or "leave"

10.多个触发条件

automation:
  trigger:
      # first trigger
    - platform: time
      minutes: 5
      seconds: 00
      # our second trigger is the sunset
    - platform: sun
      event: sunset

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2017年8月15日更新

Condition的几种条件

condition是用来完善trigger触发后执行条件，防止误操作whatsapp网页版，此项可有可无。

先说说几种条件的逻辑关系

1）: and

相当于‘与’只有多个条件同时满足才能执行action

condition:
  condition: and
  conditions:
    - condition: state
      entity_id: 'device_tracker.paulus'
      state: 'home'
    - condition: numeric_state
      entity_id: 'sensor.temperature'
      below: '20'

2）: or

相当于 '或' 只要满足一个即执行action

condition:
  condition: or
  conditions:
    - condition: state
      entity_id: 'device_tracker.paulus'
      state: 'home'
    - condition: numeric_state
      entity_id: 'sensor.temperature'
      below: '20'

3）: 混合使用‘and’和‘or’

condition:
  condition: or
  conditions:
    - condition: state
      entity_id: 'device_tracker.paulus'
      state: 'home'
    - condition: numeric_state
      entity_id: 'sensor.temperature'
      below: '20'

以上就是几种条件的逻辑关系

1.数字状态条件

condition:
  condition: numeric_state
  entity_id: sensor.temperature
  above: 17
  below: 25
  # If your sensor value needs to be adjusted
  value_template: {{ float(state.state) + 2 }}

2.状态条件

condition:
  condition: state
  entity_id: device_tracker.paulus
  state: not_home
  # optional: trigger only if state was this for last X time.
  for:
    hours: 1
    minutes: 10
    seconds: 5

3.太阳升起/落下条件

condition:
  condition: state
  entity_id: device_tracker.paulus
  state: not_home
  # optional: trigger only if state was this for last X time.
  for:
    hours: 1
    minutes: 10
    seconds: 5

4.模板条件

condition:
  condition: template
  value_template: '{{ states.device_tracker.iphone.attributes.battery > 50 }}'

5.时间条件

condition:
  condition: time
  # At least one of the following is required.
  after: '15:00:00'
  before: '02:00:00'
  weekday:
    - mon
    - wed
    - fri

6.区域条件

condition:
  condition: zone
  entity_id: device_tracker.paulus
  zone: zone.home

例子

   condition:
      - condition: numeric_state
        entity_id: sun.sun
        value_template: ''
        below: 1
      - condition: state
        entity_id: light.living_room
        state: 'off'
      - condition: time
        before: '23:00:00'
        after: '14:00:00'
      - condition: state
        entity_id: script.light_turned_off_5min
        state: 'off'

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感谢小白分享的一个带注释例子配合上面就很好理解了

#客厅-感应人体自动开客厅灯
- alias: auto_ketingled_ganying  #自动化名称，可以自定义，会在homeassistant的states里面显示出来
  initial_state: true  ##在你重启HA的时候这个自动化是开启(true)还是关闭(false)
  hide_entity: false  #隐藏自动化
  trigger: 
    - platform: state  #设备状态
      entity_id: binary_sensor.sonoff_pir  #检测设备动作的设备ID，在homeassistant的states里面可以找到
      from: 'off'  #状态转换，这段代码意思就是"从（from）：关闭（off）"
      to: 'on'     #状态转换，衔接上句，"到（to）：开启（on）
  condition:  #condition-条件：就是要达到下面这些条件，才会继续执行命令
    condition: and  #condition:and-一起满足以下这些条件才会动作
    conditions:  #开始写条件了哦
      - condition: numeric_state  #第一个条件：设备状态达到以下数值
        entity_id: sensor.sonoff_light_sensor_bh1750  #这是我的光线传感器ID
        below: 1  #意思就是光线亮度达到1lux以下，意思就是很暗啦
      - condition: state  #第二个条件：设备状态
        entity_id: switch.sonoff_ketingled  #这个是我的客厅灯的sonoff ID
        state: 'off'  #（state）状态：（off）关闭-意思就是如果我客厅灯是关闭的
  action:  #开始执行动作了哦
    - service: switch.turn_on  #开启这个设备
      entity_id: switch.sonoff_ketingled  #这个就是开启这个设备的ID，这个是我的客厅灯的sonoff ID
    - service: tts.baidu_say  #这个就是语音播报
      data_template: 
        entity_id: media_player.mpd  #播放设备的ID，比如蓝牙音箱啊，usb音箱啊，可以在homeassistant的states里面找到
        message:  >
         "欢迎主人回家，已自动为您打开客厅大灯，5分钟后关闭"
        cache: false
    - delay:  #delay：延迟，延迟多少时间后，时间可以是秒（seconds）,也可以是分钟（minutes）
        minutes: 4  #minutes（分钟）：4（额..就是4分钟）
    - service: tts.baidu_say  #继续语音播报
      data_template: 
        entity_id: media_player.mpd  #播放设备的ID，比如蓝牙音箱啊，usb音箱啊，可以在homeassistant的states里面找到
        message:  >
         "主人，客厅大灯将在一分钟后关闭"
        cache: false
    - delay:  #延迟
        minutes: 1  #1分钟
    - service: switch.turn_off  #将开关关闭
      entity_id: switch.sonoff_ketingled  #需要关闭的设备ID，就是我的客厅灯的sonoff
#天黑自动开启小米网关小夜灯
- alias: If dark turn on the gateway light
  hide_entity: True
  condition:
    condition: and
    conditions:
      - condition: state
        entity_id: sun.sun
        state: "below_horizon"
      - condition: numeric_state
        entity_id: sensor.illumination_286c07888a77
        below: 100
  trigger:
    - platform: time
      minutes: '/1'
  action:
    - service: light.turn_on
      entity_id: light.gateway_light_286c07888a77
      data:
        brightness: 200
        color_name: "blue"

总之，善于使用论坛搜索功能whatsapp网页版，以及在论坛里多提问！！！附文件是别人共享的自动化文件大家可参考下！

automation.zip